![\"\"](\"\/Hebrew-Calendar-Adar.jpg)
\nOlder Hebrew Calendar<\/p>\n
\nOlder Hebrew Calendar<\/p>\n
COGwriter<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n Each year, some bring up calendar concerns.\u00a0 Some believe that a calculated Holy Day calendar is wrong and that one must be only kept based upon personal observation.<\/span><\/p>\n The debate is often centered around a Jewish leader called Hillel II.\u00a0 He is credited for publishing the rules that the Jews use for calculating the calendar.\u00a0 Basically, the observed crowd claims that since Hillel was not around until the 4th century, that prior to him, the Jews always used a calendar based upon observation of the first crescent moon and did not include something called ‘postponements.’\u00a0 (This argument presumes, however, that Hillel II invented the calendar rules he made public. Since the calendar determining methods were guarded by the priests, we do not know that for a fact.\u00a0 Furthermore, some believe that this public action was necessary, because the ‘judicial body’ the known as the Sanhedrin, was a fading institution at the time, hence there was a need for public disclosure of the rules.) The calculated crowd basically says that not all Jews used an observed calendar, the Bible seemingly gave the Jews (Leviticus 23:2 and possibly the Church per Colossians 2:16-17, literal translation) some latitude in determination of the actual start date.\u00a0 Some believe that postponements were in place and probably used by some prior to the time of Jesus.\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\n Because some rules related to the calendar were not made public prior to Hillel II (some others had been related to years with an ‘intercalated’ month), we do not know the date when they were first implemented–though some believe they existed from the time of Moses and were shown to be utilized by Ezra.\u00a0 It would seem logical to conclude that they were begun during the period when sacrificing was being done.\u00a0 One of the possible reasons I have read about for implementing them was in consideration of back-to-back High Days (before or after a weekly Sabbath) and the laborious offering rituals needed. It would not seem that postponements would have been implemented long after the Temple was destroyed with related sacrificing also ceasing by 70 A.D. If sacrifices placed a role in using the postponement,\u00a0 then Hillel II could not have been the one to originate postponements.<\/p>\n According to Jewish sources. the placement of the Day of Atonement seems to be a major factor in the use of postponements.\u00a0 Notice the following from the Encyclopaedia Judaica<\/em>:<\/p>\n CALENDAR<\/strong> (Heb. \u05dc\u05d5\u05bc\u05d7\u05b7, lu’a\u1e25<\/em>). The present Jewish calendar is lunisolar, the months being reckoned according to the moon and the years according to the sun. A month is the period of time between one conjunction of the moon with the sun and the next. The conjunction of the moon with the sun is the point in time at which the moon is directly between the earth and the sun (but not on the same plane) and is thus invisible. This is known as the \u05de\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc\u05b8\u05d3, molad<\/em> (“birth,” from the root \u05d9\u05dc\u05d3). The mean synodic month (or lunation) is 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, and 3\u2153 seconds (793 parts (\u1e25alakim<\/em>); in the Jewish system the hour is divided into 1,080 parts each of which is 3\u2153 seconds). The solar year is 365 days, 48 minutes, and 46 seconds, which means that a solar year exceeds a lunar one (12 months) by about 11 days. The cycles of 12 lunar months must therefore be adjusted to the solar year, because although the Jewish festivals are fixed according to dates in months, they must also be in specific (agricultural) seasons of the year which depend on the tropical solar year. Without any adjustment the festivals would “wander” through the seasons and the “spring” festival (Passover), for example, would be celebrated eventually in winter, and later in summer. The required adjustment is realized by the addition of an extra month (Adar II<\/small>) in each of seven out of the 19 years that constitute the small (or lunar) cycle of the moon (ma\u1e25azor katan<\/em> or ma\u1e25azor ha-levanah<\/em>). …<\/p>\n The year begins on Tishri 1, which is rarely the day of the molad<\/em>, as there are four obstacles or considerations, called de\u1e25iyyot<\/em>, in fixing the first day of the month (rosh \u1e25odesh)<\/em>. Each de\u1e25iyyah<\/em> defers Rosh Ha-Shanah by a day, and combined de\u1e25iyyot<\/em> may cause a postponement of two days: (1) mainly in order to prevent the Day of Atonement (Tishri 10) from falling on Friday or Sunday, and Hoshana Rabba (the seventh day of Sukkot; Tishri 21) from falling on Saturday, but in part also serving an astronomical purpose (see below). Rosh Ha-Shanah never falls on Sunday, Wednesday, or Friday (according to the mnemonic \u05dc\u05d0 \u05d0\u05d3”\u05d5 \u05e8\u05d0\u05e9 known as the postponement addu<\/em> \u2013 probably first vocalized iddo<\/em>; cf. Ezra 8:17). (2) Entirely for an astronomical reason, if the molad<\/em> is at noon or later (\u05de\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc\u05b8\u05d3 \u05d6\u05b8\u05e7\u05b5\u05df or \u05de\u05d5\u05b9\u05dc\u05b8\u05d3 \u05d9\u05d7) Rosh Ha-Shanah is delayed by one day or, if this would cause it to fall as above, two days. These two de\u1e25iyyot<\/em>, owing to the mentioned limits on the number of days in the year, entail another two. (3) The third de\u1e25iyyah<\/em> is as follows: If the molad<\/em> in an “ordinary” (not leap) year falls at \u05d2”\u05d8\u05e8”\u05d3, that is the third day (Tuesday), at 9 hours, 204 \u1e25alakim<\/em>, that is, 3:11 A.M.<\/small> and 20 secs. \u2013 Rosh Ha-Shanah is put off two days. A postponement to Wednesday is not permitted (as in (1)), so that it is deferred to Thursday. The object is as follows: If the molad<\/em> of Tishri occurs at that hour, the outcome would be a year which is one day too long….\u00a0(4) This de\u1e25iyyah<\/em> is very infrequent. It is known as \u05d1\u05d8”\u05d5 \u05ea\u05e7\u05e4”\u05d8 \u05d0\u05d7\u05e8 \u05e2\u05d1\u05d5\u05e8 \u05e9\u05e0\u05d4, that is when the molad<\/em> of Tishri, following immediately after a leap year, occurs on the second day (Monday) at 15 hours, 589 \u1e25alakim<\/em>, which means Monday, 9:32 A.M.<\/small> and 43\u2153 secs. …<\/p>\n While it is not unreasonable to attribute to Hillel II<\/small> the fixing of the regular order of intercalations, his full share in the present fixed calendar is doubtful. … Intercalation is claimed to be evident from the figures in Ezekiel 1:1, 3:15, 4:4\u20136 and 8:1, with similar indications in I<\/small> Kings 12:32\u20133 and II<\/small> Chronicles 30:2\u20133; …\u00a0The New Moon (Num. 28:11, and parallels) was determined by the phasis<\/em> in the preceding evening, hence the plausibility of an early biblical record (I<\/small> Sam 20:18) of its prediction for “tomorrow.”<\/p>\n (Calendar. Encyclopaedia Judaica.\u00a0Ed. Michael Berenbaum and Fred Skolnik. Vol. 4. 2nd<\/sup> ed. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. p354-359. COPYRIGHT 2007 Keter Publishing House Ltd. http:\/\/go.galegroup.com\/ps\/retrieve.do?sgHitCountType=None&inPS=true&prodId=GVRL&userGroupName=imcpl1111&resultListType=RELATED_DOCUMENT&contentSegment=9780028660974&isBOBIndex=true&docId=GALE|CX2587503848#354 viewed 02\/28\/15)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n It is true that Hillel II did not come up with all the calendar calculation rules.\u00a0 Again, it is more likely he mainly laid them out publicly.<\/p>\n Psalm 81:1-5 discusses new moons, and may be a reason that the Jews believe the calculation for the new year should be based on Tishri 1. Though the sacred year, according to the Bible (Exodus 12:1-2), begins on Nisan 1, the date of that calculation seems to be based on the Tishri calculation. The fact that the Encyclopaedia Judaica<\/em> ties an aspect of the calendar with Ezra 8:17 is consistent with the view that the postponements were being utilized at the time of Ezra.<\/p>\n Furthermore consider that Jesus kept Passover<\/a> on the 14th of Nisan (also known as the month of Abib) on the Hebrew calendar after sunset on the day we now call Tuesday (see What Happened in the ‘Crucifixion Week’?<\/a>).\u00a0 He died the next day, which is the day we commonly call Wednesday.\u00a0 The late Dr. Herman Hoeh taught this occurred in 31 A.D. (though 30 A.D. might be possible–as far as 30 A.D. goes, I have seen something from one supporter of that view that claimed that the Feast of Trumpets prior to it was calculated based upon a postponement).<\/p>\n Now, if we can have records of when the new moon was for 31 A.D., we can calculate when Passover would have been.\u00a0 And that information exists.<\/p>\n There is New Moon Data from the US Navy Observatory using the current Julian calendar and Greenwich Mean Time for the new moon in 31 A.D.:<\/p>\n Since Jerusalem is two hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, then the conjunction, which effectively is the start of the the actual New Moon, would have occurred at 2:00 pm on what we now call April 10th on the day of the week commonly called Tuesday (the same US Navy link states that March 27th was on a Tuesday, and from that we can calculate the days of the week for April of 31 A.D.). If the first part or crescent of the moon could have been seen close the time the US Navy said the conjunction for the new moon occurred, the 14th of Nisan would have began after sunset on Sunday the 22nd of April.\u00a0 Yet, it would not have been.<\/p>\n Furthermore, the human eye normally cannot see the moon in the middle of the afternoon and there are delays until enough of the moon can be seen.\u00a0 So it would seem that the first observable crescent should have been the next day.\u00a0 Thus, the first day of the month would have likely been Wednesday, April 11th, based upon a strictly observable calendar.\u00a0 This would have made Passover after sunset Monday, April 23rd. Presuming Jesus was killed in 31 A.D., this eliminates the strictly observable calendar.\u00a0 The beginning of the month that year would have been ‘postponed’ one day, based upon a calculated calendar.\u00a0 Since Jesus kept His last Passover on a Tuesday evening after sunset, this leads to the logical conclusion that Jesus kept the Passover based upon a calculated calendar (again presuming a 31 A.D. final Passover for Him).\u00a0 Jesus would have kept Passover after sunset on April 24th and died prior to sunset on April 25th. And if Jesus kept the Holy Days based upon a calculated calendar, then it is reasonable to conclude that a calculated calendar existed centuries before Hillel wrote a record of it down.<\/p>\n Since Jesus kept Passover on Tuesday night and died Wednesday afternoon, it appears that He was keeping a\u00a0calculated calendar with postponements.<\/p>\n Understand that many of the children of Israel were dispersed from Jerusalem for centuries.\u00a0 This of course separated them from accurate Jerusalem observations. Since all wanted to keep the right day, a calculated calendar was a logical solution to this (though odd solutions, such as observing the holy days for two days, were used by many, as some do today).\u00a0 On sufficiently cloudy evenings\/nights, it is not possible to observe the first appearance of the new moon through observation.<\/p>\n There is more information that could be provided on each of the above points, but even though I plan to research more on this in the future, I thought this information could be helpful for some as we get closer to the start of the Spring Holy Day season for 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n Some items of possibly related interest may include:<\/em><\/p>\n Is There “An Annual Worship Calendar” In the Bible?<\/a> This paper provides a biblical and historical critique of several articles, including one by the Tkach WCG which states that this should be a local decision. What do the Holy Days mean? Also you can click here for the calendar of Holy Days<\/a>. Older Hebrew Calendar COGwriter Each year, some bring up calendar concerns.\u00a0 Some believe that a calculated Holy Day calendar is wrong and that one must be only kept based upon personal observation. The debate is often centered around a Jewish leader called Hillel II.\u00a0 He is credited for publishing the rules that the Jews use […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cog-news","category-doctrine"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cogwriter.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cogwriter.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cogwriter.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cogwriter.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cogwriter.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29203"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.cogwriter.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29205,"href":"https:\/\/www.cogwriter.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29203\/revisions\/29205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cogwriter.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cogwriter.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cogwriter.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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31 ... April 10 Noon\r\n(http:\/\/www.usno.navy.mil\/USNO\/astronomical-applications\/data-services\/spring-phenom<\/a> viewed 02\/25\/15)<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n
\n<\/span><\/p>\n
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\n<\/span><\/p>\nThere are many reasons why a calculated calendar makes sense. Consider:<\/div>\n\n
\nWhat are Postponements?<\/a> This was written by the late evangelist Raymond McNair and explains a lot about postponements and calculations.
\nHebrew Calendar and “Postponements”<\/a> This late John Ogywn writing explains why the most faithful in the Church of God use the calendar that we do and answers such questions as “Did Jesus Observe the Postponements?”
\nHoly Day Calendar<\/a> This is a listing of the biblical holy days through 2024, with their Roman calendar dates. They are really hard to observe if you do not know when they occur \ud83d\ude42 In the Spanish\/Espa\u00f1ol<\/span><\/span>\/Castellano language: Calendario de los D\u00edas Santos<\/a>. In Mandarin Chinese: \u4f55\u65e5\u662f\u795e\u7684\u5723\u65e5\uff1f \u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4efd\u795e\u7684\u5723\u65e5\u65e5\u5386\u4ece2013\u5e74\u81f32024\u5e74\u3002<\/a>.
\nWhat Happened in the ‘Crucifixion Week’?<\/a> How long are three days and three nights? Was Palm Sunday on a Saturday? Did Jesus die on “Good Friday”? Was the resurrection on Sunday? Do you really know? Who determined the date of Easter? (Here is a related link in Spanish\/espa\u00f1ol: \u00bfMuri\u00f3 Jes\u00fas un d\u00eda mi\u00e9rcoles o un viernes?<\/a>)
\nPassover and the Early Church<\/a> Did the early Christians observe Passover? What did Jesus and Paul teach? Why did Jesus die for our sins?
\nMelito’s Homily on the Passover<\/a> This is one of the earliest Christian writings about the Passover. This also includes what Apollinaris wrote on the Passover as well.
\nTPM: Passover on the 14th or 15th?<\/a> While we in the CCOG observe Passover on the 14th, some observe it on the 15th. Why is the 14th correct?
\nThe Night to Be Observed<\/a> What is the night to be much observed? When is it? Why do Jews keep Passover twice and emphasize the wrong date? Here is a link to a YouTube video titled The Night to Be Observed<\/a>.
\nShould Christians Keep the Days of Unleavened Bread?<\/a> Do they have any use or meaning now? What is leaven? This article supplies some biblical answers. Here is a YouTube video intended to be viewed for the first day of unleavened bread: Christians and the Days of Unleavened Bread.<\/a>
\nThe History of Early Christianity<\/a> Are you aware that what most people believe is not what truly happened to the true Christian church? Do you know where the early church was based? Do you know what were the doctrines of the early church? Is your faith really based upon the truth or compromise?<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"